7. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw (advertised in a local newspaper) a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是saw。主句的原型是I saw a teaching post (advertised in a local newspaper) at a school in a suburb of London…。(advertised in a local newspaper)也是a teaching post的定语，但是分隔了saw和a teaching post。之所以把(advertised in a local newspaper)提到a teaching post之前，是因为主句的原型中，a teaching post的后置定语太长，容易造成理解上的混乱。
翻译：当我等待进入大学期间，我看到当地的一家报纸上登着一个教师职位的招聘广告，其所在的学校位于伦敦郊区，而那个地方离我的住处有大约10英里的路程。
8. The second aspect is the application (by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen), of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是is。(by all members of society from the government official to the ordinary citizen)分隔了the application和它的定语of the special methods…。that引导的定语从句修饰the special methods。拆分为：
1) The second aspect is the application…of the special methods of thought and action.
2) Scientists use the special methods of thought and action in their work.
翻译：第二个方面是社会的全体成员，从政府官员到普通公民，都要使用科学家在他们的工作中所使用的那些特殊的思考和行动的方法。
9. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是launched into。I had made for years是省略了that的定语从句，分隔了the speech和about。about后面是两个并列的宾语从句。拆分为：
1) I launched into a variation of the speech about...
2) I had made the speech for years.
3) How excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce.
4) How cutting taxes can generate growth.
翻译：我做了一次与几年前内容不同的演讲，谈的是关于过高的税率会如何挫伤生产的积极性，以及减税如何能够促进发展。
10. Even his critics say the Ames test – his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure that helps determine whether a substance might cause cancer – is a remarkable achievement.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是say。his simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure…是一个很长的同位语，分隔了宾语从句中的the Ames test和is a remarkable achievement。拆分为：
1) Even his critics say.
2) The Ames test is a remarkable achievement.
3) His simple, inexpensive laboratory procedure helps determine.
4) Whether a substance might cause cancer.
翻译：甚至连他的批评者都说爱姆兹试验是一项非凡的成就。这种试验是一种简单而又廉价的实验过程，却有助于确定某一种物质是否能够造成癌症。
11. The cessation(停止) of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent(即将来临的) is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
结构：共有3个谓语动词，主句的是第三个is。主干是The cessation…is the decision…，但是主语与系动词之间被长长的定语of the employment…所分隔。that引导evidence的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
2) When there is irrefutable evidence.
3) That biological death is imminent.
翻译：当有确凿的证据证明病人即将进入生物死亡时，停止采用非常规手段来延长其生命的决定，应该由病人和(或)其直系亲属做出。
12. Although her characters were portrayed(描绘) in many settings and situations, they all reflected, (by the often tragic outcome of their lives), her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness(悲伤，痛苦) of another.
结构：共有4个谓语动词，主句的是reflected。(by the often tragic outcome of their lives)分隔了reflected和它的宾语her profound conviction。that引导了her profound conviction的同位语从句。拆分为：
1) Although her characters were portrayed(描绘) in many settings and situations.
2) The all reflected her profound conviction.
3) That no human could be happy.
4) If that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.
翻译：虽然她描绘出的角色出现在各种背景和情节当中，但是由于这些角色经常都是以悲剧而告终，因此他们都能反映出她深深地相信，如果把快乐建立在别人的痛苦之上，那么没有人会真的快乐。
13. I plan to see her soon in England, though not, (she reminded me), again at 10 Downing Street.
结构：共有2个谓语动词，主句的是plan。(she reminded me)是分隔结构。Though实际上引导了一个省略的让步状语从句，其原型是though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street。拆分为：
1) I plan to see her soon in England.
2) Though (it will) not (be) again at 10 Downing Street.
3) She reminded me.
翻译：我打算很快在英国见到她，虽然她提醒我地点将不再是在唐宁街10号了。
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