雅思阅读题目出题的本质是三种替换：同义词/词组替换，句型替换，语法替换，笔者将从这三方面根据学生在叶毅斌老师的雅思阅读课堂中所做的笔记进行分类整理。以下是剑桥真题中的考点词,替换词,一次多义总结：
1.rigid/stiff/unchanged/little change 僵硬的，一成不变的
2.significant/enormous/dramatic/tremendous/appreciably/remarkable/crucial/巨大的,明显的，程度大的/substantial
3.approximately 将近 nearly, almost
4.proportion/percentage 比例
5.be involved (in)/involve in/involvement[n.] 涉及，卷入，参与
6.given/considering , in regard to/despite/although 有鉴于
考虑到，尽管
6.induce [v] 引入，引导，引诱/inductive [n] 归纳 (deduce/deductive推断)
7.fortune/destiny/chances
8.deplete开采完，耗尽/exhaust –exhaust emission (尾气)排放/exploit
9.complex 错综复杂的/complicated/sophisticated 老奸巨滑的，复杂的
10.capacity能力，容量/competence (竞争)能力/ability 能力(笼统的)
11.确保，保障：Secure-security/ensure (insure)/guarantee 押金
12.solely/merely/only
13.a vast arrayof 系列/a great variety of 花样，品种/a great rang 系列 of
14.pesticide 杀虫/suicide 自杀/homicide/murder杀人
15.believe/assume (responsibility)/suppose
16.授权，委百家乐怎么玩托：authorize/commission 佣金/entitle 头衔 + ment =right (权利)
17.purchase/buy
18. ethnic 种族的/ethic 伦理，道德的 + s =[n.]
19. modify/change [v] shift work 轮班工作[n]
20. insight/knowledge/learning/understanding/knowing
21.constrain拘泥，限制/restrict 限制/limit
22. circumstance 环境(社会 )/surroundings/environment 环境( 环保 )背景 background 后台/settings后台，布景/context 上下文( 文章中 )
23.notorious 臭名昭著的/flagrant臭的 fragrant 香的
24.移民：immigrant (进来)/emigrant(出去)/migrant
25.兴旺，繁荣;prosperous/thriving/booming(人口，行业)/flourishing
26.神圣的：divine/heavenly/holy/sacred
27.有毒的：poisonous/toxic ( in-, non- 无毒的)
28.致命的：deadly/fatal/lethal/mortal
29.类似于：look like/resemble
30. chronic长期的,慢性的— long-term 长期的
31.网恋：virtual love/cyberlove
32.网友：on-line /net/cyber friend
上网(聊天)chat on line/go on-line cyber café/网吧
33.evolve-evolution 进化/revolute-revolution 革命，旋转/involve-involution 卷入，涉及
34. indicator/predictor表示诠释，预测
35.indicate/demonstrate/display/exhibit/betray
36. therapist /expert/specialist
37. 优点，长处，美德：advantage/merit/virtue/length
38. commonest/frequent
39. 未开发的，初级的：rudimentary/underdeveloped
40. 退化：degenerate/-tion [n] ->generate 生产，制造/degrade-> grade 等级/deteriorate 恶化，每况愈下
41. 分类：category-categorize/class-classify
42. consequence后果->影响/subsequence紧跟其后/sequence=order秩序/frequency频率
43.clash 冲突(民族，种族)/crash 飞机坠毁
44.substitution=> substitute sth for sb /replace
45.alternative=>选择性，代替性，辅助性
46.孤立：isolate/alienate/insulate隔绝， 排外，孤立->be aliento/insulate (-ior) 绝缘，隔热(体)
47.缺点，不足之处：defect/flaw/failing/disadvantage/drawback
48.创新的，发明的，新颖的，创新的：inventive (-tion)/innovative (-tion)/creative(-tion)/ingenious (ity)/novel (-ty) => [n] creative/revolutionary
·易错拼写：environment/convenient
49.neutral中立的，中性的 /negative否定，消极，阴性的 /positive 肯定，积极，阳性的
50.ambiguous->ambiguity模棱两可的，暧昧的/obscure
51.communicate 沟通，传达，通报
52.accommodate 1供...食宿，2=adaptto 适应，调整，3=hold 容纳，4使…停靠
53.commitment to sth 奉献 2 责任,义务
54.contribute to导致 result in /account for (占据)导致
54.缺乏的，不足的：inadequate/insufficient/deficient/lack (of)/short (of)
55.强调：emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on/concentrate on
明显的：apparently 显而易见的/patently 道貌岸然的/obviously =>evidently
56.对…怀疑：(be) /skeptical/skeptical /dubious/suspicious(about/of)
57.缺点，缺陷：drawback/fault/defect/imperfection/failing/weakness/shortcoming/flaw
58.臭命昭著的：notorious->notoriety/flagrant/smelly/odorous
59.机构，组织：association/structure/organization
60.超过：exceed/surpass
61.岩浆：molten rock/lava/magma
62.语言：linguist 语言学家/lingual 和语言有关的/bilingual/ 双语
63.多种多样的：diversity/variety/breed/species
breed：[n]品种，[v]繁殖，培养，引起，造成
64.dialect方言 accent腔调
65.开始的，初步的：begin/launch/initial (-ly) [v]首字母，开始的/initiate开始，发动->initiative原创性= origin
66.贫穷：poor/in poverty/impoverished( 被剥夺财产的)
67.杰出：eminence (-t)/prominence (-t)/unusual
68.gene/genetic defect ~缺陷/anatomy解剖/conceive构思，怀孕/deliver分娩
69.辅助性：alternative 补充性/therapist
70.演绎，推理：deduce->deductive/inferential induce 引导，引入，归纳-> induction 归纳
71.令人困惑的：bewildering/puzzling/perplexing
72.apply：紧靠，涂，将…应用于，适用，专心致力于，献身于
73.subsidize辅助/subsidy 补助，补贴/subsidiary
74.a factor in sth/depend on sth
75.be preferred by/choice
76.attitude to/how
77.the present century/modern society
78.broad/great
79.in term of 按照，在…方面，关于/with regard to, in spite of 不顾，尽管
80. small-scale 小范围/marginal 边缘处的
81. physical/medical
82. negotiation/agreement 谈判，洽谈/商定，协议
83.evolve/develop来源：
84.apartment/accommodation 公寓/住房
85.virtual (love)/simulate 模拟的(网恋)/模拟
86.catastrophe/disaster 大灾难/灾难，不幸
87.innovate/invent 革新，创新/发明，创造
sculpture/craft 雕刻，雕塑/工艺
88.exorbitant/expensive 过度的，极高的/费用大的，昂贵的
89. be participant in/take part in /participate in
90.labour [美，澳]/work
91.attend to/take care of
92.dualemployment/dual-worker 双职工(家庭)
93.indicate/predict 指示，表明，象征/预料，预言
A major contributor to/be central to 来源，起点/是…的主要，中心原因
94.expert/therapist 专家，能手;知识丰富的/某个专科的专家
95.lead to/be associated with 相联系(带来…的好处)
96.balanced/equitable 平等的
97.handicap/disabled/primitive残疾的，落后的
98. could not-and cannot/has always been unable to
by/from
99.benefit/advantage
100.substantial influence/greater likelihood
101.agree on/define
102.considered desirable/effectiveness
103.masquerade/(in) disguise 伪装
104.insignificant/didn’t seriously 不重要/不严重的
105.inspect/examine审核,检查
106.caliber/criterion 标准
107.no-one know >< notorious 无人知晓><臭名昭著的
108.dissatisfy/argue 不满意/厌恶，讨厌
109.pessimism/negative/blue>< optimistic 悲观的，忧郁的>< 乐观的
110.unsatisfactory/hardly be looked upon
111.identify/define
112.turn… into/become
113.urban/rural/suburban
114.demolish/knock down/dismantle毁坏，拆毁(建筑物)/敲，打
115.migration/move 迁移/移动
116.pay/charge sb for 向某人…猛攻，充电，负责，付费，控诉
117.separate/split 分开，使隔绝，提取/分，劈开
118.fascination/attraction(-e:[v]) 迷住，吸引住
119.not require/unnecessary 不需要/不必要
120.decode/decipher 译解(密码)，解释
121.delay/drawback= disadvantage 耽误，延迟/欠缺，弊端
122.association/organization 机构，关联/组织
123.recent/current/nowadays/present 最近的/现代的/当今的/现在
124.intensive burst/explosive release 强烈的爆发/爆炸性的释放
125.recognized/identified 承认，识别，认可/识别，鉴别
126.aim to/focuson 针对，目标，打算/集中
127.link…to/lead to 连接/导致，通向
128. inadequate(diet)/deficiency(in trace minerals) 不充分，不适当的/缺乏，不足
129.basic/fundamental 基础的，基本的
130.seize/catch 捕捉，抓住
131.fatal/lethal 致命的
132.success on/running on 成功
133.costly/be related by 有关系的
134.be obtained in/be derived in 获得，流行，通用/由…产生，起源于
135.high-income/wealthy 高收入的/富裕的
136.be alike/be similarto 相同的，相似的
137.indicate/show 显示，指出，象征
138. eliminate/lessen ><消除/减少
139. not risen significantly/stagnate 停滞不前的
140.salary/wage 工资：总称/蓝领的
141.create/gain 创造，造成/获得，增加
efficiently/increased productivity 有效率的/上升的生产率
142.economy/financial 经济
143.administration/management
144.(be) sympathetic/understand 同情的，赞同/理解
145.introduce/involve 引入/卷入
146.change/different
147.die>< exist 死亡><存在
148.almost/approximately
149.be out of date/be developed
150.solve/reduce 减少
151.famous/eminent
152.barrier/ hurdle
153.higher position/top post