7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
要点 该句的主干结构是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引导定语从句，修饰the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位语从句，在该从句中，主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词 demands和of介词短语之间，造成句子的割裂。翻译时，可把被割裂的部分还原。
译文 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，当时一些国家的政府得出这样的结论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。
8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.
要点 整个of短语作observations的定语，相当于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.因为定语太长，所以将其置于动词之后，以避免句子头重脚轻。这样就造成了句子的割裂，翻译时应将被割裂的部分还原。preschool：学前的。
译文 人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的情况都曾进行过观察。
9. Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
要点 这是一个简单句。Whether to……situation是本句的主语，depends是谓语动词，两个upon后面是宾语。availability在句中是指“测试和信息容易得到或找到”。therefore是副词，插在depends 和upon……之间，造成它们在结构上的割裂。翻译时，可把therefore提到句首。
译文 因此，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是在某一特定情况下两者并用，须凭从有关相对效度的经验中得出的证据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无采用的可能性等因素。
10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.
要点 该句的主干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all……into a woman……。preached by……magazine是过去分词短语，作the philosophy of having it all的定语，插在from……into之中，造成了句子的割裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其他照原文顺序翻译。
译文 我从一个“全力以赴”的生活哲学——在过去七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女性》杂志鼓吹这种生活方式——的积极倡导者，一改而成为随遇而安的女人。