出国留学网

目录

2017年1月7日雅思阅读机经回忆

【 liuxue86.com - 雅思机经 】

  出国留学网雅思栏目小编们精心为广大考生准备了“2017年1月7日雅思阅读机经回忆”,各位同学赶快学起来吧,做好万全准备,祝各位同学考试顺利通过。

  Passage1

  Passage 1:塑料

  1-5 判断题

  1.F

  2.T casein can soften the ivory and ...

  3.T casein分解快速的特性,又再一次吸引大家

  4.F

  5.NG 环境友好产品可能会越来越便宜

  6-13 表格填空

  6.destroyed by water

  7.skeleton

  8.A skeleton of clay

  9.dryer

  10.Bubbles eliminated by mixing

  11.polymysere

  12.Similar qualities to ....

  13.decomposition

  Passage2

  Passage 2:猩猩文化

  原文:

  The culture of chimpanzee

  A The similarities between chimpanzees and humans have been studied for years, but in the past decade researchers have determined that these resemblances run much deeper than anyone first thought. For instance, the nut cracking observed in the Taï Forest is far from a simple chimpanzee behavior; rather it is a singular adaptation found only in that particular part of Africa and a trait that biologists consider to be an expression of chimpanzee culture. Scientists frequently use the term "culture" to describe elementary animal behaviors- such as the regional dialects of different populations of songbirds-but as it turns out, the rich and varied cultural traditions found among chimpanzees are second in complexity only to human traditions.

  B During the past two years, an unprecedented scientific collaboration, involving every major research group studying chimpanzees, has documented a multitude of distinct cultural patterns extending across Africa, in actions ranging from the animals’ use of tools to their forms of communication and social customs. This emerging picture of chimpanzees not only affects how we think of these amazing creatures but also alters human beings’conception of our own uniqueness and hints at ancient foundations for extraordinary capacity for culture.

  C Homo sapiens and Pan troglodytes have coexisted for hundreds of millennia and share more than 98 percent of their genetic material, yet only 40 years ago we still knew next to nothing about chimpanzee behavior in the wild. That began to change in the 1960s, when Toshisada Nishida of Kyoto University in Japan and Jane Goodall began their studies of wild chimpanzees at two field sites in Tanzania. (Goodall’s research station at Gombe-the first of its kind-is more famous, but Nishida’s site at Mahale is the second oldest chimpanzee research site in the world. )

  D In these initial studies, as the chimpanzees became accustomed to close observation, the remarkable discoveries began. Researchers witnessed a range of unexpected behaviors, including fashioning and using tools, hunting, meat eating, food sharing and lethal fights between members of neighboring communities.

  E As early as 1973, Goodall recorded 13 forms of tool use as well as eight social activities that appeared to differ between the Gombe chimpanzees and chimpanzee populations elsewhere. She ventured that some variations had what she termed a cultural origin. But what exactly did Goodall mean by "culture"? According to the Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary, culture is defined as "the customs . . . and achievements of a particular time or people." The diversity of human cultures extends from technological variations to marriage rituals, from culinary habits to myths and legends. Animals do not have myths and legends, of course. But they do have the capacity to pass on behavioral traits from generation to generation, not through their genes but by learning. For biologists, this is the fundamental criterion for a cultural trait: it must be something that can be learned by observing the established skills of others and thus passed on to future generations

  F What of the implications for chimpanzees themselves? We must highlight the tragic loss of chimpanzees, whose populations are being decimated just when we are at last coming to appreciate these astonishing animals more completely. Populations have plummeted in the past century and continue to fall as a result of illegal trapping, logging and, most recently, the bushmeat trade. The latter is particularly alarming: logging has driven roadways into the forests that are now used to ship wild-animal meat-including chimpanzee meat-to consumers as far afield as Europe. Such destruction threatens not only the animals themselves but also a host of fascinatingly different ape cultures.

  G Perhaps the cultural richness of the ape may yet help in its salvation, however. Some conservation efforts have already altered the attitudes of some local people. A few organizations have begun to show videotapes illustrating the cognitive prowess of chimpanzees. One Zairian viewer was heard to exclaim, "Ah, this ape is so like me, I can no longer eat him. "

  H How an international team of chimpanzee experts conducted the most comprehensive survey of the animals ever attempted. Scientists have been investigating chimpanzee culture for several decades, but too often their studies contained a crucial flaw. Most attempts to document cultural diversity among chimpanzees have relied solely on officially published accounts of the behaviors recorded at each research site. But this approach probably overlooks a good deal of cultural variation for three reasons. First, scientists typically don’t publish an extensive list of all the activities they do not see at a particular location. Yet this is exactly what we need to know-which behaviors were and were not observed at each site. Second, many reports describe chimpanzee behaviors without saying how common they are; with- out this information, we can’t determine whether a particular action was a once-in-a-lifetime aberration or a routine event that should be considered part of the animals’ culture. Finally, researchers’ deions of potentially significant chimpanzee behaviors frequently lack sufficient detail, making it difficult for scientists working at other spots to record the presence or absence of the activities.

  J To remedy these problems, the two of us decided to take a new approach. We asked field researchers at each site for a list of all the behaviors they suspected were local traditions. With this information in hand, we pulled together a comprehensive list of 65 candidates for cultural behaviors.

  K Then we distributed our list to the team leaders at each site. In consultation with their colleagues, they classified each behavior in terms of its occurrence or absence in the chimpanzee community studied. The key categories were customary behavior (occurs in most or all of the able-bodied members of at least one age or sex class, such as all adult males), habitual (less common than customary but occurs repeatedly in several individuals), present (seen at the site but not habitual), absent (never seen), and unknown.

  题目:

  Which paragraph contains the following information?

  Write the correct letter G-K, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

  1. A problem of researchers on chimpanzee culture which are only based on official sources.

  2. Design a new system by two scientists aims to solve the problem.

  3. Reasons why previous research on ape culture is problematic.

  4. Classification of data observed or collected.

  5. An example that showing tragic outcome of animals leading to indication of change in local people’s attitude in preservation

  Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?

  TRUE if the statement is true

  FALSE if the statement is false

  想了解更多雅思机经网的资讯,请访问: 雅思机经

本文来源:https://ielts.liuxue86.com/i/3084919.html
延伸阅读
雅思作文是考验考生的基础知识,那么1月11日的雅思机经是什么情况呢?想必是不少人士比较关心的问题,和出国留学网一起来了解了解2020年1月11日雅思写作机经,欢迎阅读。小作文数据图
2020-01-04
雅思考试需要提前组好准备,那么雅思考试的机经是如何呢?这是不少人士关心的问题,和出国留学网一起来了解2020年1月11日雅思听力机经,欢迎阅读。Section1场景:咨询题型:10
2020-01-04
准备在7月份考雅思的同学,可以看看这个月的雅思作文,并且进行练习,把握一些考试的难度,那么下面就和出国留学网的小编来看看2019年7月18日雅思写作机经。雅思小作文范文解析:地图描
2019-07-08
对于雅思机经,我相信很多人都有了解,雅思机经对于雅思考试是比较有帮助的,那么下面就和出国留学网的小编来看看2019年7月18日雅思听力机经。雅思听力SectionOne雅思听力场景
2019-07-08
雅思听力的词汇很重要,那么有哪些好的词汇呢?下面是小编整理的2019年雅思听力考试词汇机经。这是不少出国人士很是关心的问题,和出国留学网雅思栏目一起来了解相关资讯,欢迎阅读。Bea
2019-05-30
想要提升雅思阅读的成绩,多做雅思阅读题是很有必要的,而雅思阅读真题就是最好的资料库,那么下面就和出国留学网的小编来看看2019年7月18日雅思阅读机经。雅思阅读PassageOne
2019-07-08
雅思考试最重要的还是阅读部分,那么1月11日的雅思阅读机经是什么情况呢?想必是不少人士比较关心的问题,和出国留学网一起来了解2020年1月11日雅思阅读机经,欢迎阅读。Passag
2020-01-04
雅思作文是考验考生的基础知识,那么1月11日的雅思机经是什么情况呢?想必是不少人士比较关心的问题,和出国留学网一起来了解了解2020年1月11日雅思机经,欢迎阅读。2020年1月1
2020-01-04
最新的雅思机经终于由出国留学网的小编整理出来了,准备这几个月考试的同学,肯定对于这次的机经很期待了吧,那么下面就和出国留学网的小编来看看2019年7月18日雅思口语机经。一、考试概
2019-07-08
雅思考试需要提前组好准备,那么雅思考试的机经是如何呢?这是不少人士关心的问题,和出国留学网一起来了解2020年1月11日雅思口语机经,欢迎阅读。PART1WorkorstudyWh
2020-01-04