2012雅思阅读基本技能解析

　　基本阅读技能
　　1.  成组视读 P21， （par. 1）
　　“意群” （thought / sense group） ：
　　视线停留一次可看到具有逻辑意义的一组单词，这种有意义的语法结构叫“意群” .
　　阅读时人的眼睛不是持续的移动，而是跳跃式移动，94%的时间眼睛是静止的，6%的时间在跳跃。
　　在实际阅读中，人的眼睛以词群为单位跳跃，即相关的词往往在一次注目中看到。
　　2. 略读 （P114-116）， Quenching the Poor‘s Thirst for Knowledge +题
　　快速浏览全文的阅读方法
　　目的：
　　（1）了解文章的主题；
　　（2）对文章的结构获得一个整体概念；
　　（3）对各部分的内容获得一个粗略印象；
　　（4）对文章主旨做出判断。
　　对象： 文章的标题、开始段、结束段、每段的段首句和结尾句
　　3.  寻读 （P76-79）
　　指以问题为线索、带着问题去寻找某一特定信息的阅读
　　要领：
　　１、确定哪方面的事实和细节
　　２、确定到什么地方去找
　　３、扫过文章
　　４、找到地方后详读
　　５、适当地推理
　猜测词义
　　１、词汇线索：前缀、后缀、词干
　　e.g. Most flags have a compact， rectangular shape and instinct visual symbolism. Their strong colors and geometric patterns are usually instantly recognizable even if miniaturized to less than a square centimeter.
　　The word miniaturized in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. publicized
　　B. colored
　　C. made brighter
　　D. made smaller
　　2. 结构线索
　　１）定义（be）
　　e.g. The Celtic religion centered on the worship of a pantheon of nature deities. Their religious ceremonies included animal sacrifices and various forms of magic. Druids were the priests who led the people in this highly ritualistic worship…
　　The word Druids in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. deities
　　B. ceremonies
　　C. sacrifices
　　D. priests
　　2）同义词/解释（and / or）
　　e.g. In accordance with many psychologist， phobias， or irrational fears represent， are symbolic of repressed anxiety.
　　The word phobia in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. psychologist
　　B. fear
　　C. symbol
　　D. treatment
　　3）同位语（，）
　　e.g. It is believed to have originated among the Egyptians， probably before 4000B.C.， and was used by them for more than 30 centuries. Seventeenth-century attempts to preserve anatomical specimens brought about modern techniques of embalming， the preservation of the body tissue after death by artificial chemical means.
　　The word embalming in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. death by a chemical means
　　B. the preservation of body tissue
　　C. a common agent related to formaldehyde
　　D. the replacement of body fluids
　　4）从句
　　e.g. The Pueblo Indians are those who dwell in pueblos， a name derived from the Spanish word for village. The pueblo is usually built against the face of a cliff and generally consists of connected houses rising in a series of receding terraces. The roof of one house is the yard or patio of the next house. The kiva， where Pueblo Indians hold their secret ceremonies， is entered by an opening in the roof…
　　The word kiva in the passage is closest in meaning to _____. （印第安人举行宗教仪式、开会、工作、休息等用的大圆屋）
　　A. patio
　　B. ceremonial room5）罗列（）
　　e.g. If someone is said to have “a chip on his shoulder”， he is angry， pugnacious， sullen， and looking for trouble.
　　The word pugnacious in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. friendly
　　B. aggressive
　　C. sociable
　　D. responsible
　　6）举例 （like， such as， for example， for instance）
　　e.g. However， for outdoor enthusiasts who want to get far from civilization， choosing camping paraphernalia such as tents， sleeping bags， cooking implements and other supplies should be done with care.
　　The word paraphernalia in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. friendly
　　B. aggressive
　　C. sociable
　　D. responsible
　　7）对比／比较（but， however， whereas， on the other hand， despite， in spite of ， or， rather， alternatively， nevertheless， unlike， while， conversely， in contrast， instead， on the contrary， differently）
　　e.g. The campanile is chiefly a medieval form of Italian architecture. Built in connection with a church or town hall， it served as a belfry， watchtower， and sometimes a civil monument. Unlike other bell towers that are attached to buildings， the campanile generally stand s as detached unit.
　　The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. church
　　B. town hall
　　C. tower
　　D. unit
　　8）标点符号（，－　（）　‘’　“”　［］）
　　e.g. At the age of 19， Galileo discovered isochronism—the principle in which each oscillation of a pendulum takes the same time despite changes in amplitude.
　　The word campanile in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. a principle
　　B. an oscillation
　　C. a pendulum
　　D. an amplitude 　
        9）指代关系
　　e.g. Many weeds are also hosts for disease-causing organisms. At least 50 different weed species fight off competitors by emitting toxins from their roots， leaves， or seeds. These poisons do their work in a variety of ways， such as inhibiting germination of seeds and destroying photosynthesis abilities.
　　The word toxins in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. roots
　　B. leaves
　　C. seeds
　　D. poisons
　　10）关键词
　　e.g. … nonresidential design concerns public spaces such as concert hall， banks， offices， building lobbies， theater， restaurants， hotels， and religious buildings. Many contract designers specialize in one or more of these areas. Accessories add interest to a room. They can accent or highlight an area and give a room beauty and personality.
　　The word accessories in the passage is closest in meaning to _____.
　　A. things that build a house
　　B. things that destroy a room
　　C. things that improve a room
　　D. things that coat a house
　　C. series of terraces
　　D. Pueblo Indian village