雅思拓展阅读：看《阿凡达》纳美人外星语言的诞生
自1月份科幻大片《阿凡达》在大陆影院上映以来，大众观看电影的热情时至今日依旧没有减退。
想必电影中最让我们好奇与感兴趣的就是卡梅隆创造出的又一个“外星人”，导演詹姆斯卡梅隆为提升《阿凡达》故事真实性，找到语言学家，专为纳美人创造了一种自己的语言。南加州大学的语言学教授Paul Frommer就是那个创造纳美语的人。
The linguistics expert from the University of Southern California isthe brains behind the language used by James Cameron’s 10-foot-tallalien tribe in the much-anticipated science fiction epic, Avatar。
"Jim Cameron’s production department at Lightstorm Entertainment was looking for a linguist that would be able to help him develop an alienlanguage," explains Professor Frommer。
"At that time, it wasn’teven called Avatar - it was project 880 - but the e-mail was forwarded to me and I saw it and jumped on it. I was very excited about it. Aweek or two later I was called in for a talk." The language enthusiast managed to persuade Cameron that he was the man to create afunctioning language for a story the director had dreamt up a decadeearlier. "I spent a wonderful 90-minutes with Jim and at the end of it he shook my hand and said ’welcome aboard,’" says Professor Frommer。
The pair worked together for four years to develop the Na’vi language。
The director had already come up with about thirty words, for the characters’ names and body parts. But he was looking to the professor to give the language an authentic but exotic feel。
Crucially, it had to be a language that could be articulated。
"This is an alien language but obviously it has to be spoken by human actors," explains Professor Frommer。
"It has to be sounds that human beings are comfortable producing."
It is a unique language, with its own syntactic and grammatical rules。
It screator says some of Cameron’s original words had "a vaguely Polynesianfeel". Others have suggested that it sounds like German or Japanese。
As well as creating the language, Professor Frommer taught the actors how to speak it。
"I met with each of the seven principal actors who use the language before hand. I helped them with the pronunciation, we broke things down。
"I also created some sound files, MP3 files. I guess some of them downloaded them onto their iPods so they could listen to them at thegym."
The language currently runs to about a thousand words. It does not have ahuge vocabulary, but Professor Frommer is still working at it. He isalso still trying to master his own language。
"I wish I could speak it fluently," he says. "As for who atthis point understands the grammar and such, I think probably I’m theonly one. I wish that eventually that might not be the case." In fact, one day, Professor Frommer hopes Na’vi will match Klingon, as the "gold standard" alien language. "There’s a translation of Hamlet into Klingon," says Professor Frommer. "There are Klingon clubs that meet all over the world. There are a very dedicated group of people who meet andtry to speak it. "If anything happened like this with Na’vi I’d be delighted."