一、顺序路标词
对顺序路标词的记忆有利于快速掌握speaker的节奏，以免跟丢题目。尤其是在流程图一类的填空题中，或是描述实验步骤的独白，这些词可称之为Marker words/phrases, 有时根据此类词可以判断音调突然转变，应当多加留心。
☆ first, first of all ,for a start, in the first place, to begin with ...
second, followed by, third ,then , next , previously, before that finally, last, for one thing ,for another, meanwhile, until ,subsequently
☆ Now tell me ... And now (we will) ... Before I move on to ... Next, I’d like to ... Right, so the first thing ... And what about...? Well, that’s about it, except for ... I’d like not to move on to ... One more thing Finally, can you tell us...
二、强调路标词
强调路标词有助于考生对某一细节事实的理解及加深认识，往往其后跟的就是考点，若对这些词不敏感，答案往往就溜走了。而这些词之间会进行paraphrase(同义置换)，需注意甄别。
☆ That is, That is to say, I mean, namely, in particular, specially
☆ especially, actually, to be exact, in other words, another way of saying this, Let’s put it this way, equally, etc.
三、转折路标词
转折路标词可以说是逢考必现，也就是百分之百会考到，而且不止出现一次，所以要求考生熟练掌握。在课堂实践教学中，发现有不少相当聪明的同学，没有听懂对话的意思，却能准确识别出转折关系，从而找到正确答案(尤其是选择题)。所以当听到表示转折或对比的词或短语时，考生一定要集中注意力，因为此时speaker会提供新信息或完全相反的观点，也就是考点所在。需要引起注意的是，but一词考试是会弱化的，类似于/bə/，所以考试时一定要仔细辨音。
☆ 强转折： but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, yet, while, whereas
☆ 让步：Although, though, even if, in spite of, despite
☆ 对比：by/in contrast, by comparison, as a matter of fact, instead, otherwise
Eg. Most people tend to book twenty-four hours in advance…however, the earliest you book a computer is forty-eight hours before you need it.
题目：Computer can be booked up to ___hours in advance.
如果注意到however一词，可知第一个数字24小时是个陷阱，而正确答案应为48小时。
四、列举路标词
顾名思义，列举路标词是细节描述最常见的信号词，表示对同类事物的列举或上文的补充。也就是说，出现这类词，一定是细节类的内容，比如例子等。若未听清其前面的内容，也可根据这些路标词推断前文，考生应当灵活对待。
☆ for instance, for example, such as, like, likewise, similarly
☆ in addition to, one more thing, what’s more , furthermore, besides, also, too, as well as, moreover, together with, not only…but also, etc.
五、因果路标词
说到因果关系，考生应该非常熟悉了。关键是因果关系的句子很容易进行句式的改换，即因果位置的互换。考生往往未抓住因果中的某一部分而失分，需引起注意。
☆ 其后跟“因”的信号词： for, since, for the reason that, because, thanks to, owing to, due to, as a result of, originate from, etc.
☆ 其后跟“果”的信号词： As a result, therefore, so, consequently, thus, lead to, result in, trigger, account for, give rise to, bring about, breed, etc.
六、总结路标词
在Speaker即将结束对话或独白时，往往会提到这类总结路标词。虽然位于最后，也是一个不容忽视的考点。
☆ in short , finally, therefore ,overall ,in summary, thus, on the whole, in brief, to conclude, to sum up, in a nutshell, consequently ,to sum up ,to summarize ,in conclusion
最后再补充几点，语音信息在听力语篇中也相当重要。Speaker会将句子中考点单词重读，语调和语气方面也会有所不同，考生可根据这些语音特征的变化来甄别重要信息。如在对话中，Speaker也会在此处放慢速度;若Speaker语气是升调的，那么该地方就很有可能是雅思听力设题的陷阱，因为这些词往往是列举，后面常出现强转折。对此，建议考生应通过大量的真题练习来揣摩和适应雅思考试语音的特点和规律，以准确获取答题的关键信息。
专家通过研究还发现，雅思听力高分得主往往会走在录音前面，即在预读问题和听录音时处于主动位置，而非被录音拖着走。所以，充分预测信息，寻找关键词和跟上听力录音原文的节奏就变得十分重要。否则考生由于紧张等因素在听力考场上会漏听答案。所以，平日的真题巩固练习，语音信息的识别和对以上路标词的掌握能够很好地帮助考生突破听力分数瓶颈。
