段落的扩展有多种方式,常见的有列举,举例,递进,因果,比较和对照,写作时一个段落一般会涉及到一种扩展方法的运用，而全文的主体段落则往往是几种方法结合使用.每种扩展方法在表现形式上必须由关联词引出或衔接，具体关联词如下：
1.列举
常见的关联词有: first, second, finally; for one thing, for another thing; on one hand, on the other hand等
2.举例
常见的关联词有: for example, for instance; one example is… , another example is…; such as 等
3.递进
常见的关联词有:furthermore, moreover, besides, in addition, what's more等
4.因果
常见的关联词有:because, since, for, owing to, due to, as a result, because of, so, there fore, thus, consequently, accordingly等
5.比较和对比
常见的关联词有:on the contrary, in contrast, in comparison, on the other hand, likewise, while, whereas, yet, but, however等