| 考试日期： | 2012年12月15日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | Interpretation |
| 文章内容回顾 | 讲consecutive and simultaneous translation连续性和同声传译。 |
| 英文原文阅读 | Language interpretation is the facilitating of oral or sign-language communication, either simultaneously or consecutively, between users of different languages. The process is described by both the words interpreting and interpretation. Translation studies deal with the systematic study of the theory, the description and the application of language interpretation and translation. In professional parlance, interpreting denotes the facilitating of communication from one language form into its equivalent, or approximate equivalent, in another language form; while interpretation denotes the actual product of this work, that is, the message thus rendered into speech, sign language, writing, non-manual signals, or other language form. This important distinction is observed in order to avoid confusion. An interpreter is a person who converts a thought or expression in a source language into an expression with a comparable meaning in a target language either simultaneously in "real time" or consecutively after one party has finished speaking. The interpreter's function is to convey every semantic element (tone and register) and every intention and feeling of the message that the source-language speaker is directing to target-language recipients |
| 题型难度分析 | 根据考生回忆，本篇文章虽为第一篇，但是在三篇中较难，花费时间较长。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | 是非无判断题是雅思阅读考试的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。 首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES。 解题步骤： 1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等） 2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。 3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。 TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。 FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。 NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑4 Test1 Passage1 剑5 Test3 Passage1 |
| Reading Passage 2 | |
| Title: | 性格培养 |
| Question types: | Matching |
| 文章内容回顾 | 人们的personality能改变，每一段讲一个人做了点什么，personality就改变了。 |
| 英文原文阅读 | Some debates have pervaded the field of psychology since its genesis. Perhaps one of the most salient ones deals with the nature of personality. Personality psychology studies one's distinctive style of cognition, behavior, and affect. However, this concept elicits discord among psychologists as some have insisted that it does not exist, while others struggle with issues of measurement. Personality, one's characteristic way of feeling, behaving and thinking, is often conceptualized as a person's standing on each Big Five trait (extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness). A person's personality profile is thus gauged from his standing on five broad concepts which predict, among other life outcomes, behavior and the quality of interpersonal relationships. Initially, it was believed that one's Big Five profile was static and dichotomous in that one was either at one extreme of each trait or another For example, people are typically categorized as introverted or extraverted. Personality was therefore assessed in terms of generalities or averages. In noticing the strong inconsistencies in how people behaved across situations, some psychologists dismissed personality as nonexistent. This school of thought attributes human behavior to environmental factors, relegating individual differences to situational artifacts and contesting the existence of individual predispositions. It was led by situationists like Walter Mischel (1968). Their contention held that personality was a fictitious concept. For them, the discrepancies observed across one's behaviors were evidence that interindividual differences did not exist. Some aspects of the situationist perspective even suggest that all human beings are the same and that the differences we observe are simply illusory biproducts of the environment. However, personologists soon integrated these inconsistencies into their conceptualization of personality. They modified the old, more monolithic construct by measuring how people differ across situations. Their new methods of personality assessment describe fluctuations in personality characteristics as consistent and predictable for each person based on the environment he is in and his predispositions. Some work suggests that people can espouse different levels of a personality dimension as the social situations and time of day change. Therefore, someone is not conscientious all the time, but can be conscientious at work and a lot less so when she is home. This work also suggests that intrapersonal variations on a trait can be even larger than interpersonal variations. Extraversion varies more within a person than across individuals, for example. This work was based on individual self-ratings during the day across a long period of time. This allowed for researchers to assess moment-to-moment and day to day variations on personality attributes. Personologists now tend to agree that people's personalities are variegated and are not be conceptualized through bipolar characterizations (e.g. extraversion vs introversion). Rather people oscillate between the two extremes of a trait. The pattern of this oscillation then constitutes personality. |
| 题型难度分析 | 据考生回顾，本篇文章也不是很好做，耗费时间比较长。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | Matching题分为一方是特殊定位词的配对，分类题，段落配标题，段落细节信息定位。一方是特殊定位词的配对主要有人名配观点，时间配事件，地点配事件。这次考试中据考生回忆本篇文章有人名配观点。这种题目在做的时候要注意以下几点： 1. 审题，读Instruction。一般来说，都会有You may use any letter more than once. 遇到这个大写的一行字时，提醒考生一般本题中肯定会有一个字母用两次的，而且只有一个字母会重复。 2. 迅速浏览人名。在文章中圈出人名。 3. 通读配对另一方，划出关键词。 4. 在文章中圈出的人名旁找相应信息与关键词进行匹配。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑3 Test4 Passage1 |
| Reading Passage 3 | |
| Title: | Design the mat and Foot health 足疗店的设计和足部健康 |
| Question types: | Sentence completion, Multiple choice |
| 文章内容回顾 | 走路有益健康 |
| 英文原文阅读 | Foot Health Your feet must last a lifetime, and most Americans log an amazing 75,000 miles on their feet by the time they reach age 50. Regular foot care can make sure your feet are up to the task. With proper detection, intervention, and care, most foot and ankle problems can be lessened or prevented. Use our foot health information pages to learn more common foot conditions and treatments. Want to order printed brochures covering various foot health topics? Visit the APMA e-Store! Arthritis Arthritis is inflammation and swelling of the cartilage and lining of the joints, generally accompanied by an increase in the fluid in the joints. Each foot has 33 joints that can be afflicted with arthritis. Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Today's podiatrist plays a key role in helping patients manage diabetes successfully and avoid foot-related complications. Diabetic Wound Care A diabetic foot ulcer is an open sore or wound that occurs in approximately 15 percent of patients with diabetes and is commonly located on the bottom of the foot. High Blood Pressure High blood pressure is also known as hypertension. Your podiatrist is vitally concerned about hypertension and vascular disease (heart and circulatory problems). Peripheral Arterial Disease PAD is caused by a blockage or narrowing of the arteries in the legs when fatty deposits (plaque) build up. The buildup of plaque causes the arteries to harden and narrow. Peripheral Neuropathy Peripheral neuropathy is damage of the peripheral nerves—the nerves in your toes and fingertips. In the United States, the most common cause of peripheral neuropathy is diabetes. Foot & Ankle Injuries Sprains, Strains & Fractures The feet and ankles work together to provide support and mobility to the body. A foot or ankle sprain is a soft tissue injury. A fracture is actually a break in the bone. Muscle & Tendon Problems Haglund's Deformity Haglund's Deformity is a bony enlargement of the back of the heel bone. Sometimes it's called “pump bump” because the deformity often occurs in women who wears pumps. Heel Pain The heel bone is the largest of the 26 bones in the human foot. Like all bones, it is subject to outside influences that can affect its integrity and cause heel pain. Tendinitis Tendinitis is the inflammation of a tendon. Achilles tendinitis, or an inflammation of the Achilles tendon, is one of the most common causes of foot or ankle pain. Skin Disorders Athlete's Foot Athlete's foot is a skin disease caused by a fungus. It most commonly attacks the feet because shoes create a warm, dark, and humid environment which encourages fungus growth. Corns and Calluses Corns and calluses are areas of thickened skin that develop to protect that area from irritation. They are usually caused by rubbing or excess pressure against part of the foot. Psoriasis Psoriasis is caused by faster-than-normal turnover of skin cells. In people who have psoriasis, the new cells move to the surface so rapidly that the dead cells build up on the surface in dry, whitish-silver patches. Skin Cancers of the Feet Skin cancer can develop anywhere on the body, including in the lower extremities. Most skin cancers of the feet are painless, and often there is a history of recurrent cracking, bleeding, or ulceration. Sweaty Feet Excessive sweating of the feet is called hyperhidrosis. People whose feet sweat excessively often also have problems with excessive sweating of the palms. Warts Warts are one of several soft tissue conditions of the foot that can be quite painful. They are caused by a virus and can appear anywhere on the skin. Toe Joint & Nerve Disorders Bunion s A bunion is an enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe that forms when the bone or tissue at the big toe joint moves out of place. Hammer Toes A hammer toe is a contracture, or bending, of the toe at the first joint of the digit, called the proximal interphalangeal joint. This bending causes the toe to appear like an upside-down V when looked at from the side. Neuromas A neuroma is a painful condition, also referred to as a “pinched nerve” or a nerve tumor. It is a benign growth of nerve tissue frequently found between the third and fourth toes. Toenail Problems Ingrown Toenails Ingrown toenails, the most common nail impairment, are nails whose corners or sides dig painfully into the soft tissue of nail grooves, often leading to irritation, redness, and swelling. Toenail Fungus Toenail fungus is an infection underneath the surface of the nail caused by fungi. The disease is characterized by a progressive change in a toenail's quality and color. Treatment Shoe Inserts and Prescription Custom Orthotics Shoe inserts are any kind of non-prescription foot support designed to be worn inside a shoe. Custom orthotics are specially-made devices designed to support and comfort your feet. Surgery Often when pain or deformity persists, surgery may be appropriate to alleviate discomfort or to restore the function of your foot. |
| 题型难度分析 | 由于前两篇文章较难，很多考生到第三篇文章就几乎没有时间做了，所以填空难以找到。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | 填空题的做题步骤： 1. 认真审题，注意黑体大写的单词：NO MORE THAN TWO/THREE WORDS, 有这行字的话一定要符合它的字数要求。 2. 读题，划出关键词，关键词首先是特殊的名词，其次是名词。 3. 预测，预测这个空填的词是名词还是动词，它的词性。 4. 根据关键词去文章中进行定位找答案。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑8 Test1 Passage3 |
